Frida Kahlo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Frida Kahlo - Research Paper Example Her mother on the other hand, was a devout Roman Catholic of mixed Amerindian and Spanish ancestry (Herrera, 12-18). Guillermo married Matilde soon after the death of his first wife during birth of their second child. They had four daughters, though their marriage was a particularly rocky one. Frida was the third. They were raised together with their two other half-sisters from their father’s previous marriage. Kahlo later claimed that she was born in 1910, three years after her actual birthday, so that people would associate her with the Mexican Revolution that started that year. She recalls in her works the events of the Revolution and the echoes of gunfire that filled the streets of Mexico. In her 6th year, Kahlo was diagnosed with Polio which left her right leg thinner than the left. Later, it was deduced that she had been born with spina bifida which could have impaired her spinal and leg development. It is a result of this misfortune in her legs that she often wore long skirts to conceal the anomaly. However, this did not deter her from undertaking in physical activities as she often participated in boxing and other sports (Herrera, 20-45). Kahlo joined Preparatoria in 1922 which at the time was one of Mexico’s finest schools. At this point, she joined a group of politically and intellectually like-minded students. She became romantically involved with one of them, Alejandro Gomez Arias. On September 17 1925, as Kahlo and Arias were riding in a bus, they collided with a car. The accident left her in great pain and she spent three months recovering in a full body cast. She had a broken collarbone, a broken spinal column, broken pelvis, broken ribs, and eleven fractures in her right leg, a dislocated shoulder and a crushed and dislocated right foot. An iron and a hand nail pierced her abdomen and uterus during the accident, thereby leaving her incapable of having children. Later on in

Strategies to Protect Sensitive Corporate Data

Strategies to Protect Sensitive Corporate Data Jasjeet Singh What are the steps project managers must incorporate to uphold the security, privacy and disaster recovery policies to prevent Companies sensitive and vital corporate Data? Abstract Security, disasters and privacy are risks to a project and to a project manager. But project managers are trained to deal with risks. These risks are best addressed when the project manager fully understands them. In a nutshell, we can say its all about protection of vital data and its critical element CIA(confidentiality, integrity, and availability) including the machines and process that use, store, and transmit that data. Security is a risk to project managers for both implementing a project and perhaps the project itself if it is IT or telecom related. In this paper, I will include the data security risks facing a project manager, How to protect the CIA Triad using various security policies, standards, and procedures. And I will try to touch some more information security related aspects like Security Awareness and privacy protection, etc. Keywords-Project management; Project Manager; Data Security; Privacy; Security Policies; Confidentiality; Security Awareness. Almost every project generate or use, some form of information and information technology. Mostly, this information needs to be preserved or isolated by some form of security. Security planning and implementation is an integral part of the overall project life cycle which also include many different issues to be considered when planning a project. Whereas finally what is being safeguarded is the data produced by the machines, the information that data is used to create, and in some manner, the conclusions made based upon that vital data. A security threat is something that jeopardizes any of the CIA Triad (availability, confidentiality, and integrity) of a machines data. Security flaws and risks emerge from such threats. Solutions and planning to manage such items begins in the very initiation stages of a projects life with the identification of any of these security related flaws, risks, and threats. In parallel with each phase, efforts work towards constantly identifying new threats and reducing the identified security risks through the diligent planning and proper implementation of risk mitigation strategies specifically developed to resolve each unique threat specifically. Security of vital data and associated technology systems must be considered when planning projects, developing applications, implementing systems, or framework etc. So as to be effective and efficient, security must be organized for and embedded into the systems from the very starting, and monitored periodically throughout the life of the proje ct, and be maintained all along the life of the system. Thereby the result is planning as soon as possible in early stages and embedding security into all phases of a projects life cycle is usually considerably easier and much less cost consuming than waiting till the later project phases to consider it. On the moment when addressing the security for the majority of the data frameworks, it might be a chance to be decayed under three principal segments that are; communications, hardware, and software. Arranging how every from claiming these zones may be ensured includes not the main attention by the people, policy, practice etc. and also, financial considerations with furnish for those Audit from claiming the framework, asset procurement, execution of security solutions, progressing security maintenance and so on. Figure 1: CIA Triad The image shows the main goal of such efforts which are to maintain the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of vital information. All information system must maintain: Confidentiality disclosure or exposure to unauthorized individuals or systems is prevented Integrity data cannot be created, changed, or deleted without proper authorization. Availability information and the security controls used to protect it are functioning correctly when the information is needed.   Ã‚   An ordinary Project Management technique doesnt incorporate subtle elements regarding guaranteeing integrity, confidentiality, Furthermore availability for the majority of the data or those protections about particular data. Background need to be demonstrated that mostly the information security or privacy experts would not consult regarding the undertaking until those test phase, alternately much more terrible The point when the project needs with be marked off or executed Also about to go live. These conditions will feel thick, as commonplace on the majority of the data security experts Also privacy officers indistinguishable. This cautiously might prompt postponements previously, sign-off Whats more go-live alternately significantly more repulsive another information skeleton being moved under preparing without expanding security Also security controls completed. This means exploitation of risks such as: Breaches of legal requirements, for example, the Privacy Act, Unauthorized access to systems and information, Disclosure of information Moreover bolting on security instruments controls alternately privacy controls toward those end of the development, for example, another provision or the usage of a new data framework is really unreasonable Furthermore drawn out. Data information and framework security Whats more security methods oughta chance to be inserted under the organizations venture administration procedure. This ensures that majority of the data security Also security dangers would identify, assessed, figured out how Whats more tended to ask and only an undertaking. This approach Might make associated for during whatever endeavor regardless to its character, e.g. an endeavor for focus profits of those business process, IT, office organization Moreover different supporting manifestations. Venture supervisors would continuously set under a considerable measure from claiming weight to guarantee they convey on time Whats more inside plan. On accomplish execution of a secure Also industry consistent legitimate a dministrative necessities data system, it may be vital to take part for the majority of the data security and security topic masters from those minute a feasible ticket may be recognized to Creating. The two main approaches to project management are: The waterfall approach (delivery is all-in-one-go, for example, Prince 2 and PMP); and A release-based iterative approach (delivery is in bursts of functionality spread over time, for example, Agile Scrum/Sprint methodology). Both methodologies need pros Furthermore cons Furthermore, we wont talk about whatever points of these two approaches, rather it takes a gander during the place whats more entryway data security Also privacy ought to a chance to be joined under those project management cycle, in any case about which methodology is picked. Process Steps Everyone dares organization methodologies to take after a tantamount high-cap convert starting with asserting 4 alternately 5 steps, in the passages underneath those steps to that Agile technique would previously, (brackets). Every for these steps needs their goal/objective, in addition, an arranged starting with guaranteeing deliverables to that step. For every to these steps, those one assignment director ought to should incorporate a security proficient. Incorporating security under exercises beginning with that start will Abstain starting with each moment abstain? In addition (often very) irrationally additions later on in the project. The individuals taking then afterward slug concentrates give to an Audit of the lions share of the information security Also privacy-related considerations for each phase. More details on this topic can be studied on the internet. Scope/Initiation/Discovery (Stage 1 Vision) Might be specific information included in this project alternately converted at that passed on information system? Assuming that something like that the individuals or security officers necessities around an opportunity to be contacted at this stage. What is the order alternately affect the ability of the data processed? Ensure that the Information Security Officer (or equivalent role such as ICT security, CISO, ITSM) is involved in communicating security requirements; these must be an important part of the business needs. Is there a requirement for compliance with legal or regulatory needs, national or international standards (ISO27001) or contractual security and privacy obligations? Business Case/Planning (Stage 2 Product Roadmap and stage 3 Release Planning) Indulge with the respective subject matter professionals to discuss in detail the security and privacy needs, so they can be implemented during the design of the project. Pre-define the acceptance methodology for all the business needs, including security and privacy protection. Identify security and privacy risks and perform risk and privacy impact assessments. Depending upon the results of these assessments, identify security and privacy countermeasures and techniques which need to be included in the design. Development/Execution (Stage 4 Sprint Planning and Stage 5 Daily Scrum) During the design implementation the identified security and privacy controls? Perform compliance checks and security reviews against requirements and selected controls, against existing policies and standards. communicate with external security experts such as penetration testers, code reviewers, and auditors, etc Plan for performing vulnerability scans (internally) and checking of the patch fixing status. Consider meeting the Operations team that will handle the solution from a security perspective after moving on to production. Test Evaluation/Control Validation (Stage 6 Sprint Review) Indulge with security and privacy subject concern experts to assist with communicating and understanding the resulting reports (test). Execute all security testing: penetration test, code review and/or ISO audit. Have Security operations team go through with the operational documentation? Regularly check the risk register and review all risks, based on the solution as it has been formulated. Launch/Close (Stage 7) Pass on the formulated security and privacy treatment plans, which have been accepted and agreed by the business owner. Start the business normally with security operations, monitoring of risks and compliance. Milestones or gated Approach The waterfall project management techniques discuss that for managing Also controlling the one project phases, An amount from claiming checkpoints, turning points or gateways ought further bolstering be presented. Figure 2: Gated approach The main motive of these gateways is to make sure that all criteria or needs are fulfilled or not, all required deliverables for that phase are done or not, and to review if the project is still on time/within budget. These gateways are the instances in time during a project where security and compliance milestones can be introduced to safeguard that the project in compliance with all agreed business needs, including security and privacy formulations. Underneath are some checks, decisions, and lists that should be implemented from an information security and privacy point of view: Scope gate High-level business, information security, and privacy needs identified. The seriousness of information assessed and considered. Business case sign-off gate By in-depth study on the risks assessment, note down all security and privacy controls and procedures. In-depth security and privacy requirements formulated and acceptance criteria accepted upon. Indulge with IT design architects and information security subject matter professionals to compose a Risk management Plan (which will include a resource plan/budget). Maintain a risk register that lists down all privacy risks, security risks, and initial level of risk (gross risk). Design sign-off gate Assessment of privacy, security and reviews and compliance points against agreed sign-off criteria. Go through the project risk register that lists down all security risks, privacy risks, and potential residual risk. Communicate with 3rd parties to agree on the scope of a penetration test, Certification Accreditation audits, code review or other security tests that are been outsourced. Communicate with the operational security team to put forward the solution and manage if the document set is complete, acceptable and up-to-date. Final business sign-off gate Check weather all formulated security and privacy controls and procedure implemented as designed? The job of Information Security is primarily to ensure CIA in place but there is a common misconception that only IT is responsible for it. But theyre not!! Then who is responsible for Information Security in your organization or say for the project youre managing? Lets think of below: Who is the information owner in the organization for this project? Its senior management or business heads (on behalf of the customer). Remember IT is the custodian of information while the owner will decide about classification and protection/access requirement. Who is to understand and conduct impact assessment? The owner should be the one who is gonna tell us how important ( or say risk level) the information is and assess what will happen if we fail to protect. How to secure information flow/process in your project? Once you understand customer or owners requirement and the impact, now Project Manager has to play the role. However, PMs are not expected to be security experts but be fully aware of it. PM is the one who: Should understand what are information risk concerning his/her project Interpret impact to senior management and customer for security issues Need to be able to decide on appropriate mitigating action Minimize the risk associated with information security threats/breaches. Include security considerations is integrated into every phase and process of a projectà Ã‚ ¾ and Ensure adherence to policy and standard/compliance So need to include Information Security within the project process right from the Initiation. We can fit it in when developing Project Charter Business Case  ­ Consider Impact Assessment on proposed product service from information risk perspective and also must include information security safeguard and issue during cost benefit analysis. Discuss and identify security features/requirements to be added. Project Statement of Work  ­ Review product scope to identify info. sec requirement and incorporate any additional Customer requirement for specific info ­sec standard compliance Organizational Process Asset  ­ Internal Information Security Policy, Standard and Procedure and also security control and audit requirement for process systems including a stipulated in RFP. Enterprise Environmental Factors  ­ In addition to Legal Regulatory requirement may need to consider industry standard practice on Information Security. Formulated security testing reviewing the results and make a decision if things are acceptable or not. Project Plan integrate information security Scope Management Collect Requirements Legislation, regulation and customer expectations on information security and make sure you know how you will be able to measure whether above requirements are met? Change Control process should always consider IS impact during approval/review. Data Classification should be approved by management and customer and also define control requirements in the system, 3rd party and operational process for the data type. Identify all requirements on data storage, record management and destruction for the internal and external party and then prepare data governance/ handling policy and procedure for your project based on the above. Figure 3: Threat Activity model Procurement Identify critical supplier who can have a significant impact on project deliverable and responsible for handling restricted data. Do we need sign NDA? Require Audit right to review their process and controls? Have to safeguard from relevant security flaws appropriately resolved in all your third party contracts. Quality Control Quality will include security compliance on process and record management. Quality Assurance will perform security audit and review privilege (system +operational) to review data disposal and backup process. For effective measurement, need to identify appropriate PI for security control. Next, integrate within your Project Plan. Cost Time Ensure budget and schedule covered security related activities and controls. Stakeholder Management Cross-border data transfer and data privacy issue applicable? Regulatory compliance and approval required? Engage early with concerned parties to properly plan ahead. Monitor change in regulatory and statutory policy. How to maintain requests for information from government agencies and those results from legal process? Example: Regulators response and deadline may challenge project outcome. Project Risk Management Information Risk Assessment Lets review the basics once again: Define Information Risk  ­ Risk is a factor of the likelihood of a given threat sources exploiting a particular potential vulnerability and the resulting effect of that adverse event on the organization. Qualitative Risk Assessment A method can be Overall Risk Score = Likelihood X Impact. The likelihood is a chance of this event occurring in the scale of 1 ­5 or Very Likely, Likely, Maybe, Unlikely, Highly Unlikely etc. For example, whats the chance vendor the system will compromise our data during the project? The impact is how much effect once the risk (no control in place) in the scale of 1 ­5 or Critical, High, Medium, Low, Minimal. For example, what will happen to us once the data is compromised? Define overall rating for risk, For example, can be High if > 15, Medium for 10- ­15, and Low if When required should engage information owner, customer, and security function wherever possible and then assign monitoring responsibility and activities within a risk response plan. Quantitative Risk Assessment Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE) is the expected monetary loss that can be expected for an asset due to a risk being realized over a one year period. ALE = SLE * ARO ­SLE (Single Loss Expectancy) is the value of a single event loss of the asset [impact] ­SLE = Asset Value x Exposure factor. [EF is what % of the asset will be damaged] ­ARO (Annualized Rate of Occurrence) is how often the incident can occur in a year [likelihood]. A risk occurring once in 5 years has an ARO of 0.05à Ã‚ ¾ while if occurring 10 times in a year then ARO = 10 Could use average = (Worst + 4*Average + Best) / 6. The above is kept simple and not perfect but better than nothing. Risk Response Cost Benefit analysis of feasible Safeguard/Control Compare ALE considering with and without safeguard control in place. Value = ALE (with NO safeguard) (ALE after implementing safeguard) (annual the cost of safeguard). Select Mitigation, Transfer, Acceptance, and Avoidance based on above. Note: SIME: Security Information and Event Management  ­ DLP: Data Leakage Protection  ­ DRM: Digital Rights Management. HR/People Manage Security with People Security Skills Assessment What are the resources and skill requirement for information security in your project? Does your security function have sufficient trained resources? Assign security management and appropriate level of authority to carry out this role. Security Awareness Security is not police job, rather we are protecting corporate information to safeguard our customer, our business and to comply with statutory requirements. All team members know their responsibilities to help establish security and comply with the policy. Set up ground rules on acceptable and unacceptable activities, for example, usage of social media, official email monitoring etc as per organizational procedure. Clearly, understand data classification policy and how to handle each type of data. Figure 4: Security Awareness Training Promote awareness campaign to motivate team members to be the safeguard of corporate information. Security breach/issue reporting and handling procedure should be clearly communicated. Discuss why we focus on information security and clarify concern during team building. Project Communication Secure what you communicate Comply with the security policies Comply with the policy from both client organization and project organization. In cases where policies overlap, the more restrictive policy will apply. Check whether supplier/vendor/outsource Company meets the same standard. Checkpoint for data transfers and storage Consider using method in which password protect the meetings and/or use the roll call system of the conferencing. Prefer to encrypt data during the distribution of meeting proceedings and another project documents via email. Select Instant messaging, desktop or application sharing/video conferencing via secured provider or channel. Check what information is acceptable to be left in auto responders and in voice mailboxes. Establish administrative controls Prepare Guidelines for use of social media and how to share project information. There should be guidelines or ground rules regarding forwarding work related email to personal or transfer to smart phones ­ Consequence of a security breach and data leakage should be clearly communicated. Project Execution Implement effective control Direct and Manage Project Work Segregation of Duties execution, and supervision of any process should not be performed by a single person and establish dual control or Maker Checker process on activity involving risk. Strictly follow approval and authorization limit for layered control on requesting a change. Reviewed authority and access right upon during staff transfer or exit from the project. Ensure appropriate labeling and storage of documents resulted from project activities. Remind importance of security awareness and to notify breach/incidents immediately. Engage with the supplier to increase security awareness with their employee as per your standard. Data backup and restoration should be periodically tested for project related system(s). Manage Communication When information requested by the supplier, check against requirement and policy before sharing. Maintain the record of send and receipt when documents are shared/sent to the 3rd party. Figure 5: Communication Management Discuss information security issue in the regular review meeting and notify formally when appropriate. Monitor Control Pro-active check and act Control Scope Risks Ensure security verification upon milestone achievement. Reviewed system logs, alert and process audit output to identify the potential incident. Monitor change in regulatory and other critical factors that may force information risk re ­assessment. Security Incident Management Assess impact Internal, Financial, Legal, Regulatory, Customer, and Media/Reputation. Do NOT underestimate any impact often serious consequence happens from simple case. Invoke organizational incident management process and escalate to senior management if required. Manage 3rd Party Risk Conduct an audit to see how Vendor/Outsourced company process, store and destroy your information. Review what formal information ( and their type) are being shared with external parties. Check with the critical supplier for Business Continuity drill as it may impact your project during any disaster. Project Closure -Secure disposal Formal Sign Off Conduct security audit with supplier and customer (if required) and document formal sign off. Ensure all project documents and necessary records are properly achieved. Document lesson learned from security issue and incident handling. Operational Handover Document to enforce security controls as recommended for regular operation. Revoke access rights from the system before dissolving project team. Formal handover production system, customer/business documents, manual or other records including backup data and electronic equipment containing information. Data Disposal Formally confirm with all project team members on secure destruction either stored in electronic format or paper-based document which no longer required. Confirm destruction from a supplier who may retain information belong to your company/customer. Conclusion Information Security plays a very important role in the development of every project irrespective of projects magnitude. So the project manager has to be very much alert and attentive to check and to meet the protocols so as to preserve the vital corporate data of the organizations during each phase of the project development. Figure 6: Template for Questionnaire to review security of project The project manager must use various new techniques to embed the security into the project from the very initiation phase one of such technique is to use Questionnaire to review the security of the project. Project Managers can also look for a new secured Software development life cycle model which incorporates all major aspects of the data security, privacy, and recovery for a software development. Figure 7: Secure SDLC Model Those A large cost savvy approach to managing security under products or techniques is to actualize all the security Furthermore privacy controls and mechanisms under the configuration, Including them later alternately. After the project needs to be run live, will be significantly a greater amount exorbitant and might diminish those Return-on-Investment of the project altogether. References [1] Security Issues that Project Managers at CDC Need to Address, CDC Unified Process Project Management, vol. 2, no. 6, June 2008. [2] M. Dean, A risk ­based approach to planning and implementing an information security program, in PMI, 2008. [3] B. Egeland, Learn 3 Ways to Ensure Your Project Data is Secure., Is Project Security that Important?, July 2, 2015. [4] R. J. Ellison, Security and Project Management, Security and Project Management | US ­CERT, February 06, 2006. [5] D. E. Essex, government database project outsourcing, A matter of public record, August 2003. [6] S. Fister Gale, Safeguarding the data treasure, February 2011. [7] S. Hendershot, Security guards ­ data ­security initiatives for Project Managers, in Cost Control (http://www.pmi.org/learning/library?topics=Cost+Control), Sustainability (http://www.pmi.org/learning/library?topics=Sustainability), September 2014. [8] C. Klingler, Security, privacy and disaster recovery for the project manager, in Cost Control (http://www.pmi.org/learning/library?topics=Cost+Control) , Sustainability (http://www.pmi.org/learning/library?topics=Sustainability), 2002. [9] Monique, Information Security Privacy as part of Project Management, 18 March, 2015. [10] M. Pruitt, Security Best Practices for IT Project Managers, SANS Institute, June 18, 2013. Table of Figures Figure 1: CIA Triad: https://www.checkmarx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Data-Securi

Managing a Multigenerational Workforce Essay -- Business, Workplace Mo

The United States economy has experienced highs and lows throughout the years. These changes affect everyone in one way or another. The U.S. workforce is not exempt from feeling the effects of the economy. Many individuals across the nation have reassessed their career and personal goals due to financial hardships. One major trend developing is that individuals are beginning careers earlier, and ending careers later. The good old days of retiring at sixty-five are replaced with worrying about health care costs and retirements plans, with no retirement date in sight. Many parents are unable to foot the bill for their college-aged children, so the workforce has also seen a jump in young adults entering into the workforce. Nationwide, organizations are witnessing for the first time ever, four different generations working side by side. These generations have been labeled as the veterans or the traditionalist group (born before 1945), the baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964), generation X (born between 1965 and 1980), and generation Y (born after 1980). As a manager it can be quite challenging to manage four different generations of workers. All four generations have different strengths and weaknesses, so it takes a great manager to merge all of them into one productive team. To be an effective manager of such diverse groups, it takes understanding and appreciating the qualities each generation offers. This review analyzes current research available describing the differences between each generation, how to motivate each generation, and how to effectively merge the generations into one cohesive group. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERATIONS Currently, in the United States, there are over 1 million workers that are 75 years of age o... ...orce earlier it is a fact of life that managers will encounter a multigenerational workforce at some point. Organizations need to prepare management to be able to handle such diverse populations. It was somewhat surprising to review the literature, and discover most all researchers agree that different generations of employees have different needs and are motivated differently. It is important to note that while researchers agree about generational generalizations, they are just generalizations. A manager needs to be aware of the generalizations about each generation to help them understand, but be careful not to let it become a stereotype and affect the way they approach that employee. The main point is that every employee brings something valuable to the workplace, and managers need to be aware of how to utilize those strengths to the organization’s benefit. Managing a Multigenerational Workforce Essay -- Business, Workplace Mo The United States economy has experienced highs and lows throughout the years. These changes affect everyone in one way or another. The U.S. workforce is not exempt from feeling the effects of the economy. Many individuals across the nation have reassessed their career and personal goals due to financial hardships. One major trend developing is that individuals are beginning careers earlier, and ending careers later. The good old days of retiring at sixty-five are replaced with worrying about health care costs and retirements plans, with no retirement date in sight. Many parents are unable to foot the bill for their college-aged children, so the workforce has also seen a jump in young adults entering into the workforce. Nationwide, organizations are witnessing for the first time ever, four different generations working side by side. These generations have been labeled as the veterans or the traditionalist group (born before 1945), the baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964), generation X (born between 1965 and 1980), and generation Y (born after 1980). As a manager it can be quite challenging to manage four different generations of workers. All four generations have different strengths and weaknesses, so it takes a great manager to merge all of them into one productive team. To be an effective manager of such diverse groups, it takes understanding and appreciating the qualities each generation offers. This review analyzes current research available describing the differences between each generation, how to motivate each generation, and how to effectively merge the generations into one cohesive group. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERATIONS Currently, in the United States, there are over 1 million workers that are 75 years of age o... ...orce earlier it is a fact of life that managers will encounter a multigenerational workforce at some point. Organizations need to prepare management to be able to handle such diverse populations. It was somewhat surprising to review the literature, and discover most all researchers agree that different generations of employees have different needs and are motivated differently. It is important to note that while researchers agree about generational generalizations, they are just generalizations. A manager needs to be aware of the generalizations about each generation to help them understand, but be careful not to let it become a stereotype and affect the way they approach that employee. The main point is that every employee brings something valuable to the workplace, and managers need to be aware of how to utilize those strengths to the organization’s benefit.

Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins

Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins Sheila Grant SCI/241 December 23, 2012 Tia Patterson Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins All types of vitamins are essential for everyone to include in their diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle. They are classified into two different classifications. There is fat soluble which are A, D, E and K. The other classification is water soluble vitamins, which is vitamin C and B. Vitamin C and B are also known as complex group vitamins. Vitamins are crucial for the human body to properly function. Foods we eat have different kinds of vitamins, some may have one and some many have multiple vitamins.Watching what you eat will ensure the body is getting plenty of vitamins for your body to function properly. Our body does not make the vitamins we need to sustain life; therefore we need vitamins to maintain proper function of the body system. Vitamins we consume from the foods we eat are one part of a healthy diet. Vitamins help our body function like cell growth, energ y metabolism, immune system, nervous system, circulatory system and reproduction system. Vitamins help fight off infections and as we get older the risk for infections increase. Vitamins are just as important to babies as it is the elderly.Everyone will benefit and have a healthy diet if vitamins are crucial in their diet. The fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E and K. Vitamin A is a crucial vitamin because it helps the eyes and skin to be healthy. Vitamin A is important because it helps teeth and bones to be strong. Vitamin A is also beneficial to the bodies reproductive and immune systems. There are some ideal sources of vitamin A for a healthy diet. They are carrots, sweet potato, tomatoes, green beans, bell peppers, and spinach. The deficiency of Vitamin A could cause diarrhea, intestinal infections, inflammation of the eyes and keratinization of skin and eyes.An individual who consumes too much Vitamin A could cause, blurred vision, enlargement of liver and spleen, loss of hair, s kin changes, and increased pressure of skull. Vitamin D vitamins help regulate the use of phosphorous for our body. According to Nutrition, â€Å"Active vitamin D is needed to maintain normal blood levels of the minerals calcium and phosphorus. Calcium is important for bone health, but it is also needed for proper functioning of nerves, muscles, glands, and other tissues† (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006). Vitamin D can be made in the body and can be absorbed through the skin by sun exposure.When the body has low levels of Vitamin D, the body stores inactive Vitamin D and activategbs it through the liver and kidneys. Vitamin D deficiency in children will cause rickets which is smaller rib cages and bowed legs. Deficiency in adults is Osteomalacia, which causes bone loss. When an individual consumes an excessive amount of Vitamin D, they can have high amounts of calcium in the blood and urine. It also could cause heart problems. Some excellent sources of Vitamin D are salmon, eggs, m ilk, tuna, and cod liver oil.Vitamin E maintains the nerves and the reproductive system to help keep them healthy. The benefit of Vitamin E is it promotes healthy skin. There are excellent sources of Vitamin E found in food, they are; sunflower seeds, almonds, turnip greens and mustard greens. Deficiency of Vitamin D could cause anemia in low birth weight babies. This would happen if starvation was a cause though. Overconsumption of this vitamin causes massive nausea and digestive track conditions. â€Å"Vitamin K is an essential vitamin that is needed by the body for blood clotting and other important process. (Leopold, 2010) The benefits of vitamin K are used in management of extreme bleeding. Too much bleeding can occur from a deficiency of vitamin K mainly with the use of blood thinning agents. Some symptoms related to the deficiency of vitamin K are; nose bleeds, broken blood vessels, blood in urine and bleeding gums. Some problems with vitamin K when excessively taken is upse t stomach and really high doses the person may have an allergic reaction. Excellent sources for Vitamin K are, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, celery, tomatoes and spinach.Water-soluble vitamins are B-complex and Vitamin C. These two vitamins are not stored in the body and will need to be replaced every day. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and therefor they are eliminated in urine. B-complex groups have eight water-soluble vitamins which are; niacin, folate, biotin, pantothenic acid, thiamin and riboflavin. The sources of the vitamins are found in, grains, vegetables, meats, eggs, milk and dairy. B-complex vitamins help the body get energy from the food we eat. It also helps aid in protein metabolism, and helps many body functions.Citrus fruits like oranges are ideal sources for Vitamin C. Vitamin C help maintain blood vessels, bones and teeth. Vitamin C gives us protection again immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular disease and prevents skin wrinkling. In some countries b eriberi, pellagra and pernicious are three common B-vitamin deficiencies. When people overeat certain types of food the deficiency can cause cracks at corners of mouth, impaired growth, mental confusion and eyes sensitive to light. Deficiency to Vitamin C could cause bleeding gums, sore joints, increased infections and easily bruised.Toxicity among the two vitamins can cause diarrhea, bloating, kidney stones, abnormal liver function and irritability. In some cases Vitamin C has the power to diminish the threat of different types of cancer, heart disease and cataracts. Vitamin C serves as an antioxidant as it can fight off infections they may cause harm to our bodies. References Leopold, D. C. (2010, December). Vitamin and Lifestyle Guide. Retrieved from http://webmd. com/vitamins Grosvenor, M. B. , & Smolin, L. A. (2006). Nutrition: Everyday choices. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins Sheila Grant SCI/241 December 23, 2012 Tia Patterson Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins All types of vitamins are essential for everyone to include in their diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle. They are classified into two different classifications. There is fat soluble which are A, D, E and K. The other classification is water soluble vitamins, which is vitamin C and B. Vitamin C and B are also known as complex group vitamins. Vitamins are crucial for the human body to properly function. Foods we eat have different kinds of vitamins, some may have one and some many have multiple vitamins.Watching what you eat will ensure the body is getting plenty of vitamins for your body to function properly. Our body does not make the vitamins we need to sustain life; therefore we need vitamins to maintain proper function of the body system. Vitamins we consume from the foods we eat are one part of a healthy diet. Vitamins help our body function like cell growth, energ y metabolism, immune system, nervous system, circulatory system and reproduction system. Vitamins help fight off infections and as we get older the risk for infections increase. Vitamins are just as important to babies as it is the elderly.Everyone will benefit and have a healthy diet if vitamins are crucial in their diet. The fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E and K. Vitamin A is a crucial vitamin because it helps the eyes and skin to be healthy. Vitamin A is important because it helps teeth and bones to be strong. Vitamin A is also beneficial to the bodies reproductive and immune systems. There are some ideal sources of vitamin A for a healthy diet. They are carrots, sweet potato, tomatoes, green beans, bell peppers, and spinach. The deficiency of Vitamin A could cause diarrhea, intestinal infections, inflammation of the eyes and keratinization of skin and eyes.An individual who consumes too much Vitamin A could cause, blurred vision, enlargement of liver and spleen, loss of hair, s kin changes, and increased pressure of skull. Vitamin D vitamins help regulate the use of phosphorous for our body. According to Nutrition, â€Å"Active vitamin D is needed to maintain normal blood levels of the minerals calcium and phosphorus. Calcium is important for bone health, but it is also needed for proper functioning of nerves, muscles, glands, and other tissues† (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006). Vitamin D can be made in the body and can be absorbed through the skin by sun exposure.When the body has low levels of Vitamin D, the body stores inactive Vitamin D and activategbs it through the liver and kidneys. Vitamin D deficiency in children will cause rickets which is smaller rib cages and bowed legs. Deficiency in adults is Osteomalacia, which causes bone loss. When an individual consumes an excessive amount of Vitamin D, they can have high amounts of calcium in the blood and urine. It also could cause heart problems. Some excellent sources of Vitamin D are salmon, eggs, m ilk, tuna, and cod liver oil.Vitamin E maintains the nerves and the reproductive system to help keep them healthy. The benefit of Vitamin E is it promotes healthy skin. There are excellent sources of Vitamin E found in food, they are; sunflower seeds, almonds, turnip greens and mustard greens. Deficiency of Vitamin D could cause anemia in low birth weight babies. This would happen if starvation was a cause though. Overconsumption of this vitamin causes massive nausea and digestive track conditions. â€Å"Vitamin K is an essential vitamin that is needed by the body for blood clotting and other important process. (Leopold, 2010) The benefits of vitamin K are used in management of extreme bleeding. Too much bleeding can occur from a deficiency of vitamin K mainly with the use of blood thinning agents. Some symptoms related to the deficiency of vitamin K are; nose bleeds, broken blood vessels, blood in urine and bleeding gums. Some problems with vitamin K when excessively taken is upse t stomach and really high doses the person may have an allergic reaction. Excellent sources for Vitamin K are, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, celery, tomatoes and spinach.Water-soluble vitamins are B-complex and Vitamin C. These two vitamins are not stored in the body and will need to be replaced every day. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and therefor they are eliminated in urine. B-complex groups have eight water-soluble vitamins which are; niacin, folate, biotin, pantothenic acid, thiamin and riboflavin. The sources of the vitamins are found in, grains, vegetables, meats, eggs, milk and dairy. B-complex vitamins help the body get energy from the food we eat. It also helps aid in protein metabolism, and helps many body functions.Citrus fruits like oranges are ideal sources for Vitamin C. Vitamin C help maintain blood vessels, bones and teeth. Vitamin C gives us protection again immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular disease and prevents skin wrinkling. In some countries b eriberi, pellagra and pernicious are three common B-vitamin deficiencies. When people overeat certain types of food the deficiency can cause cracks at corners of mouth, impaired growth, mental confusion and eyes sensitive to light. Deficiency to Vitamin C could cause bleeding gums, sore joints, increased infections and easily bruised.Toxicity among the two vitamins can cause diarrhea, bloating, kidney stones, abnormal liver function and irritability. In some cases Vitamin C has the power to diminish the threat of different types of cancer, heart disease and cataracts. Vitamin C serves as an antioxidant as it can fight off infections they may cause harm to our bodies. References Leopold, D. C. (2010, December). Vitamin and Lifestyle Guide. Retrieved from http://webmd. com/vitamins Grosvenor, M. B. , & Smolin, L. A. (2006). Nutrition: Everyday choices. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Spheres in Scarlet Letter

It was once said that â€Å"the only living societies are those which are animated by inequality and injustice. † A man named Paul Claudel wrote this in his work, Conversations dans le Loir-et-Cher, and he criticizes the ability to have a functional society. Societies are meant to organize the values of people into a system with uniform laws and expectations; however, societies can never fully achieve this. Claudel only sees societies with dysfunctional characteristics like inequality and injustice. There are always exceptions to the social order because all people are individuals with different life experiences that help define who they are. Nathaniel Hawthorne also criticizes the Utopian ideals that societies often hold in his novel, The Scarlet Letter. The main character, Hester goes astray from the rules of her Puritan town and must wear a scarlet letter on her chest to declare her sin. The scarlet letter isolates Hester from the pressures to conform to society, giving her the opportunity to find her individualistic moral perspective in life and she shares this revelation with Dimmesdale. Hawthorne conveys this concept of individualism through the motif of spheres. Initially, Hawthorne conveys Hester’s isolation from society which is brought on by the scarlet letter, by putting her in her own sphere. The most noticeable feature of Hester as she exits the prison is the elaborate scarlet letter that is embroidered on her chest. Immediately, Hawthorne mentions that the letter â€Å"[takes Hester] out of the ordinary relations with humanity and [encloses] her in a sphere by herself† (46). The language here shows the isolation brought on by the letter because Hester no longer has the same relations with humanity, which in this case signifies the uniform Puritan society. Her interactions with others are altered now that she is by herself. The letter puts Hester in a different world, away from that of society and causes her to be alone. Even people that do not understand the reason for Hester’s isolation participate in it. The children of the town only understand that Hester is â€Å"shut out from the sphere of human charities,† but they do not know why and yet when they see â€Å"the scarlet letter on her breast, [they] scamper off with a strange contagious fear† (72). This furthers the idea that Hester is completely ostracized from society because even those that are naive of the letter’s meaning will not accept her. Hawthorne illustrates the isolation Hester experiences, as a result of wearing the scarlet letter, with the symbol of the sphere. Along with the negative aspects of isolation, Hester realizes that being in her own sphere takes away many societal pressures to conform to a set of beliefs. When Hester starts to come back in contact with society, she still feels as if she does not belong. Hester feels that all contact she has with others demonstrates that she is â€Å"as much alone as if she inhabit[s] another sphere† (74). Even though she is physically in contact with others, Hester is still alone. She no longer has to conform to the beliefs of her Puritan town because she â€Å"communicate[s] with the common nature† in different ways than â€Å"the rest of human kind† (74). Because she is isolated, Hester â€Å"[stands] apart from [society’s] moral interests, yet close beside them,† meaning she can take a step back to look at the views of the majority, but she has the option to make her own choices (74). Even though she feels separated from society, Hester can still feel the influence of its beliefs. This idea is also illustrated with the location of Hester’s cottage. The cottage is on the outskirts of the town, yet still within its limits and this parallels the influence that society has on Hester. The remoteness of the cottage â€Å"put it out of the sphere of social activity,† yet Hester still had to go into town to sustain herself with supplies. Therefore, just as the cottage keeps Hester at a distance from the town, the letter takes her away from many pressures to conform to the values of society. Hester sees that the accepted beliefs and morals of society are not the only options as a result of being isolated from the sphere of their influence, due to the scarlet letter she wears. Hester’s isolation and realization that she does not have to follow society, give her a new perspective on the beliefs of individuals and she shares this with Dimmesdale. Hawthorne conveys this through their temporary coexistence in the same sphere. Through her isolation, Hester realizes that individuals can have their own belief systems away from those of society and uses this to find peace with her sin. Dimmesdale however, never experiences public shame or isolation and struggles to find peace with his sin. He does not see leaving the town as an option like Hester does because he feels that â€Å"Providence hath placed† him in a specific â€Å"sphere† where he needs to live out his â€Å"earthly existence† and he has no choice in the matter (180). Dimmesdale does not see that there are other options besides those of society, but Hester exposes him to this idea. While they are in the forest together, she gives him a new perspective to consider; that the ways of society do not always work for everyone. At the time when both Hester and Dimmesdale can see things from this perspective, â€Å"they [feel] themselves, [†¦] inhabitants of the same sphere† (173). They are in the sphere together because even though they may not possess the same moral values in the end, at this time they both understand that they have options apart from societal beliefs. Even though they both have the same perspective they have to pursue their separate spheres in distinct ways. As Dimmesdale walks home â€Å"his inner man [gives] him [†¦] evidences of a revolution in the sphere of thought and feeling,† indicating the changes already taking place from what Hester instilled in him (198). The revolution in Dimmesdale’s thoughts and feelings takes place because Hester enlightens him to the idea of individual belief systems. He sees things in a whole new way with many more possibilities now that he can choose for himself what he wants to believe. He clearly undergoes a â€Å"total change of dynasty and moral code† due to the ideas Hester exposes to him in the forest. Both Hester and Dimmesdale see new possibilities in individual beliefs due to Hester’s isolation and realization that society’s beliefs are not perfect. Although both Hester and Dimmesdale learn that individuals can have their own belief systems through Hester’s isolation and relief from the pressures of society, they must ultimately find their own individual spheres. After being exposed to a new perspective by Hester, Dimmesdale has time to think and realizes that he is not the same as her. Dimmesdale knows that they can not reside in the same sphere and Hester, too, realizes this at the procession. As Dimmesdale walks by, Hester understands that he is â€Å"remote from her own sphere, and utterly beyond her reach† (218). Hester hoped that her influence over Dimmesdale when she enlightened him would continue on in his decisions and they would reside in a sphere together, but this was not the case. Just as Hester needed to find her place apart from the influence of others, Dimmesdale did as well. In order to find peace, Dimmesdale needed to find his own moral code and sphere and when he did, he reached â€Å"an epoch of life more brilliant and full of triumph than any previous one, or than any which could hereafter be† (227). This great success that comes from finding his own sphere shows how strongly Hawthorne believes in the individual and the pathway to get to individualism. Dimmesdale can not be any more at peace with his life than he is when he discovers his individualized moral system. Hawthorne also shows his support for individualism when he breaks the forth wall and speaks directly to the reader. He says the only thing to be learned from the minister’s experience is to â€Å"be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world if not your worst, yet some trait whereby your worst may be inferred† (236). With this, Hawthorne wants people to find peace within themselves and says they need to expose themselves fully to the world to do so. In the novel, Hester experiences public shame and shows it freely to the world whereas Dimmesdale keeps his sin hidden. That is why Hester is able to be at a better peace with herself and her sin whereas Dimmesdale’s fate is to only be peaceful in death. There can be no set sphere for all of society because of different life experiences. Hester and Dimmesdale both find separate, individualized belief systems, apart from those of society, due to the public shame and isolation Hester experiences wearing the scarlet letter. Hawthorne uses the motif of spheres to convey the message that society can not meet the needs of all individuals. The spheres in the novel never function properly when they attempt to envelop the moral perspectives of more than one person. Society tries to only have one uniform set of beliefs for all, but this is unsuccessful because everyone has their own thoughts and feelings based upon experience. Just as Claudel said, the only way societies can exist is with flaws; Utopian and Puritan ideals are unattainable. Hawthorne values individualism and the differences between all people.